国际货运的参考文献

『壹』 谁有关于国际货运代理运作的参考文献

相似文献： - 国际货运代理的业务责任分析 Analysis on the Responsibility of International Freight Forwarder Practice 作者:万长云, 期刊-核心期刊 中国市场CHINA MARKET 2008年 第45期 - 第三方物流下的国际货运代理人 International Freight Forwarding Agent under 3PL Service 作者:姚荣芬, 期刊-核心期刊 水运管理SHIPPING MANAGEMENT 2004年 第09期 - 国际货运代理业应当尽快实施收益管理 International Freight Forwarders Should Carry Out The Revenue Management as soon as Possible 作者:李彩其, 期刊 中国水运(学术版)CHINA WATER TRANSPORT 2007年 第06期 - 浅谈国际货运代理的风险保障--责任保险制度 Brief Discussion on Liability Insurance System - Risk Protection of International Forwarding Agency 作者:牛芳, 期刊-核心期刊 国际经贸探索INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND TRADE RESEARCH 2002年 第05期 - 无船承运人的角色定位及若干问题 作者:张颖, 期刊 中国水运(上半月)CHINA WATER TRANSPORT 2008年 第03期 - 对国际货运代理业实行责任保险制度的探讨 Study on the International Freight Forwarders Liability Insurance System 作者:高伟, 期刊 青岛远洋船员学院学报JOURNAL OF QINGDAO OCEAN SHIPPING MARINERS COLLEGE 2007年 第01期 - 我国国际货物运输代理中存在的问题及对策 Agency for the Transportation of International Goods: Problems and Solutions 作者:秦淑芬, 期刊-核心期刊 国际贸易问题JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 2001年 第10期 - 国际货运代理人身份的辨别 On the Identity of Forwarder 作者:苏同江,高伟, 期刊 青岛远洋船员学院学报JOURNAL OF QINGDAO OCEAN SHIPPING MARINERS COLLEGE 2005年 第03期 - 对国际货运代理公司承担承运人责任的几点思考 A Study on the Carrier's Responsibilities of Freight Forwarders 作者:马树杰, 期刊 天津职业院校联合学报JOURNAL OF TIANJIN VOCATIONAL INSTITUTES 2006年 第06期 - 国际货运代理人法律地位的认定标准 Criterion of jufistical status judgment on international freight agent 作者:刘桢,李鹏,刘京利, 期刊-核心期刊 水运管理SHIPPING MANAGEMENT 2008年 第06期 - 控制风险扬帆国际——小议国际货运代理的风险防范 作者:曾桦, 期刊-核心期刊 商场现代化MARKET www.17net.net 易起论文网

『贰』 关于国际贸易中海运提单相关的书籍，参考文献等

二、收货人、指示方、托运人、通知人及背书

（一）如果信用证要求记名提单，如“consigned to Bank X”，而不是“toorder”或“toorder of Bank X”等，则提单不得在收货人一栏中具名人的名称前出现“to order”或“to order of”的字样，不论该字样是打印还是预先印就的。同样，如果信用证要求凭指示提单，如“to order”或“to order of”，提单就不能做成以该具名人为收货人的记名形式。

（二）如果提单做成指示式或凭托运人指示式抬头，则该提单须经托运人背书。代理人或代表托运人所作的背书是可以接受的。

（三）如果信用证未规定通知人，则提单中的相关栏位可以空白，或以任何方式填写。不过，实务中的通常做法是填写开证申请人的名称和地址。

三、装运港和卸货港

（一）信用证规定的装运港的名称应在提单的装运港栏中标明。如果很清楚货物是由船只从收货地运输，且有装船批注表明货物在“收货地”或类似栏目名下显示的港口装载在该船上的话，也可在“收货地”或类似栏目名下标明。

若信用证要求的是港至港提单，只要具备有效的“已装船”批注，银行可以接受注明一个内陆地点或另一港口为收货地的提单。

若信用证规定的装运港是某一地理范围，且信用证允许转运，根据第R227号意见，如海运提单注明了不同的收货地和装运港（均在信用证规定的港口范围内），则必须在装船批注中注明装上船只的装运港、船只名称及日期；若海运提单仅注明该范围内的一个港口为装运港及相应船名，装船批注可不必包括港口及船名信息。

若收货地和装运港相同，则不需批注港口、船名，条件是“前程运输”栏为空白；若“前程运输”栏包含一些信息，则必须批注起运港及相应船名。

（二）信用证规定的卸货港的名称应在提单的卸货港栏中标明。如果很清楚货物将由船只运送至该最终目的地，且有批注表明卸货港就是“最终目的地”或类似栏目名下显示的港口，也可在“最终目的地”或类似栏目名下标明。

同上，若信用证要求港至港提单，只要具备有效的“已装船”批注，银行可以接受显示一个内陆地点或另一港口为目的地的提单。

（三）如果收货地为一集装箱堆场（CY）或集装箱货运站（CFS），且与规定的装运港相同，例如，收货地为香港集装箱堆场，装运港为香港，这些地点将被视为同一地点，因此，无需在装船批注中注明装运港和船名。

（四）如果信用证规定了装运港和／或卸货港的地理区域或范围（如“任一欧洲港口”），则提单必须标明实际的装运港和／或卸货港，而且该港口必须位于信用证规定的地理区域或范围之内。

四、转运和分批装运

（一）转运是指在信用证规定的装运港至卸货港之间的海运过程中将货物从一艘船卸下再装上另一艘船。如果卸货和再装船不是发生在装运港和卸货港之间，则不视为转运。

（二）虽然信用证可能禁止转运，但UCP500第23条d款仍然允许在某些情况下进行转运。但是，如果信用证禁止转运，且排除UCP500第23条d款的适用，则表面表明将发生或可能发生转运的提单将被视为不符。

第23条d款规定，即使信用证禁止转运，银行对注明将发生转运的提单仍予以接受，只要提单上证实有关货物已由集装箱、拖车及／或子母船运输，并且同一提单包括海运全程运输。因此，如欲完全禁止转运，信用证还须注明排除UCP500第23条d款的适用。

（三）如果信用证禁止分批装运，而提交的正本提单不止一套，装运港为一个或一个以上的港口（信用证特别允许或在信用证规定的特定地理范围内），只要单据表明货物是用同一艘船并经同一航程，目的地为同一卸货港，则此种单据可以接受。如果提交了一套以上的提单，而提单表明有不同的装运日期，则最迟的装运日期将被用来计算交单期限，且该日期必须在信用证规定的最迟装运日或之前。货装多艘船即构成分批装运，即是这些船在同日出发并驶向同一目的地。

『叁』 我需要篇外文，关于国际货代的，急需！~另外如果可以的话，给我弄两三个关于国际货代的参考文献，感激不尽

With costs in China rising, the shipping instry has been investing in Vietnam, and shippers may be ready to join them
Technology market leader Intel is e to turn on the switch at its $1 billion integrated circuit packaging and testing plant in Ho Chi Minh City later this year, but there is far more at stake for shipping lines, logistics companies and the rest of the trading world than the work on semiconctors.
Intel is inaugurating its plant in Vietnam at the start of what some believe may be the opening of a new era of trade in Asia. China’ decade-long role as the world’s factory floor is being challenged by rising labor costs and budding Chinese consumerism, pushing manufacturers to look for alternatives to models built on China’s low costs.
To many, Vietnam looks to be the strongest of those alternatives, with Intel’s move into Ho Chin Minh City serving as a potential signature event.
“In effect, we are seeing a very fast transformation of Vietnam’s light instrial base,” said Richard Martin, managing director of IMA Asia, an economic research and forecasting firm. “The big shift in the last two years is the rise of electronics.”
Exports of textiles and garments grew 18.3 percent in the first four months of this year compared to a year earlier, according to IMA Asia, and footwear rose 5.1 percent. Computer and electronics exports jumped 40.8 percent in the same period.
Electronics still make up a relatively small share of the Vietnam’s exports volume, but that gap in the growth rate amid pressure at China factories to raise wages has more companies looking seriously at the country’s potential for manufacturing and sourcing.
In fact, the Gold Rush to take advantage of Vietnam’s low labor costs is picking up again this year as more U.S. and European importers shift proction of textiles, apparel and footwear to the rapidly growing country. The shift, which began in 2007 when Vietnam became a member of the World Trade Organization, hit a brick wall last year as new foreign investment all but dried up ring the Great Recession, and the country’s torrid trade growth slowed.
Although Intel’s plant has been in the works for several years, it’s one tangible sign that foreign direct investment in manufacturing facilities, which grew at a compound annual rate of 11.6 percent from 2000 to 2008 before falling 73 percent last year, is on its way back. Foreign investment grew in the first quarter with restored interest in textiles and footwear and the long-awaited move up the value chain to electronics.
The country’s prime minister told the World Economic Forum in Ho Chi Minh City this month that Vietnam’s economy will grow 6.5 to 7 percent this year after expanding 5.3 percent in 2009.
The recession didn’t stop container lines from adding new direct services to the U.S. and terminal operators from opening four facilities, all of it built on business that was growing last year and, they believe, has the potential to grow far more.
In the 13 months since the Port of Ho Chi Minh City, where the Cai Mep and Thi Vai Rivers meet, was dredged to 35 feet, or deep enough to handle the midsize ships that ply the trans-Pacific, many of the world’s major container lines have started calling at two of the port’s four new container terminals with direct services to the U.S. The recession slowed the growth of the volumes carried by the direct services that have been launched by APL, “K” Line, Hanjin, Maersk Line, MOL, NYK and OOCL, and it is only now that their ships are sailing full.
“Vietnam was a mainstay for us in 2009 in what was otherwise a horrible year,” said Goh Teik Poh, president for South Asia at APL. “We saw 7 percent growth (in Vietnam) last year, slower than the 13 to 14 percent growth in 2008, but nevertheless good growth.”
APL started two direct services to the U.S. last year, one on its own and the other as part of the New World
Alliance. It also started new Vietnam calls by five intra-Asian services. “We intend to launch a couple more depending on timing.”
Carriers clamoring to start the first direct services from Vietnam to Europe will be able to do so next March when Japan’s office of Official Development Assistance, the aid agency that is part of the country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, completes dredging the channel to the lower harbor down to 45 feet and two more container terminals open with access to the deeper channel.
By then, Vietnam’s container trade, which started to revive in the first quarter of this year, should return to double-digit growth rates. The only constraint on growth will be the still-lagging state of Vietnam’s inland road network and the relatively small sizes of the new terminals that the Vietnamese government has approved.
Yet even last year, when the recession cut global trade volume 10 percent, Vietnam’s overall trade volume increased 2 percent, although that was down from the average 20 percent annual growth it enjoyed ring from 2005 to 2008.
Total U.S. containerized trade with Vietnam grew 6.5 percent last year, according to PIERS Global Intelligence Solutions, a sister company of The Journal of Commerce. U.S. imports from Vietnam fell 2.8 percent, while exports to Vietnam rose 31.8 percent
Vietnam last year surpassed Hong Kong as the No. 2 exporter of women’s and infant wear to the United States, behind China, according to PIERS, and containerized trade volume in that business nearly doubled between 2005 to 2009, to 48,609 TEUs, a compound annual growth rate of 17.4 percent. Those exports grew 0.4 percent in the first quarter while shipments from Hong Kong, Indonesia and Cambodia fell.
Vietnam is behind China and Hong Kong in footwear, but compound annual growth of 10 percent over the last five years pushed the country’s share of those exports to the United States from 4 percent to 7 percent.
With demand recovering quickly, Vietnam’s overall trade volume is expected to resume its double-digit growth this year and continue at that rate in the years to come. PIERS forecasts U.S. imports from Vietnam will jump 41.6 percent this year, and exports, 16.3 percent.
That will be another accelerator of growth for Vietnam,” said Martin Gaard Christiansen, CEO for APM Terminals’ Asia-Pacific region. “Instead of all European goods being transshipped, now you’ll be able to load them directly for Europe. We’ve seen a high demand from carriers to bring in direct strings for the Pacific trade. But next year, they will be able to bring in Europe-bound vessels.”
European imports from Vietnam are transported on feeder ships to Singapore or Hong Kong and transshipped onto Asia-Europe loops that use vessels with a capacity of 10,000 to 12,000 TEUs. Those have a draft that’s too deep for the current terminals at Ho Chi Minh’s City’s port.
APM Terminals and two local partners are building the Cai Mep International Terminal, which will open in January. The terminal will be able to handle Asia-Europe trade when the dredging to a 45-foot draft is completed in March. Its 656-foot-long berth will have a capacity of 600,000 TEUs, but that will be expanded to 1.1 million TEUs in 2011 after Phase 2 construction is completed.
“In March, every single shipping line that has a service to Europe will want to come in,” said Malcolm Gregory, head of commercial operations at the Cai Mep International Terminal. “The next problem is that only one facility will be open — ours — and we won’t be able to handle them all. That’s a nice position to be in.”
A second deep-water terminal, the Saigon SSA International Terminal, also will open next year with access to the 45-foot channel, but not until year-end.
If the opening of the new terminals that can handle direct Asia-Europe services does rev up European demand for Vietnamese procts, there could be a slowing in the growth of Vietnam’s exports to the U.S. as European importers corner more of the supply. “I expect that we’ll see a slowdown in exports to the U.S.,” said Julia Hughes, executive director of the United States Association of Importers of Textiles and Apparel. “There’s not unlimited capacity for textile and apparel proction. Usually, if there is a surge in one market, like Europe, there is a balancing act between the U.S. and EU business.”
Over the 12 months through March, U.S. apparel imports from Vietnam were up almost 7 percent by volume. Non-apparel imports, which include yarns, fabrics and furnishings rose 96 percent in the same period. “That’s where the big growth has been, off a smaller base,” Hughes said. “In the past year, no one was growing except Vietnam.”
The rapid pace of maritime development is reminiscent of what happened when China’s trade took off 10 years ago. But Vietnam’s terminals, even those under construction, are far smaller than those that have been built in China.
“When you look at the number of facilities, it sounds like a lot, but when you look at the number of berth windows, it’s not so much,” Christiansen said.
Another constraint on growth is Vietnam’s poorly developed road system. The country has a total road network of 137,944 miles, but only 19 percent of that is paved. Roads are so poor that a lot of the cargo is transported by barge from the factories around Ho Chi Minh City 50 miles down the river to the new terminals.
Vietnam’s government is pouring money into its road network, but getting goods on the road may not be the biggest barrier, trade experts say. The country has notorious red tape.
“There are still barriers to doing business in Vietnam because of the way it’s structured and the way it handles business,” said Evan Armstrong, president of Armstrong & Associates, a research and consulting firm in Staughton, Wis. “If you do business in Vietnam, you’re doing business with the government. It’s not like doing business with the United States.”
APM Terminals’ Christiansen said his company had no problems getting permits to build the Cai Mep International Terminal, but Armstrong said setting up a reliable supply chain in Vietnam requires a different structure. “Companies that are looking to do business there should make sure they have a good logistics provider with local expertise that can help you manage your supply chain,” he said.

『肆』 国际贸易毕业论文参考文献

知网、万方！登录上去，注册个号，搜索相关方向论文，就可以找到！

『伍』 急求国际贸易相关论文1500字要参考文献

中国论文网有下载各种论文的链接。

『陆』 急需国际贸易论文参考文献

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2.李溯婉.多哈中止中国贸易摩擦将居高不下.第一财经日报,2006.7.28
3.李金林.我国的市场经济与市场经济地位.中国当代经济,2004(12)
1.朱颖.美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因.国际
贸易问题,2006.8
2.李晓.“经济主义”时代的中日关系.国际经济评论,2006.3－4
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[6]任翔.新形势下乡镇工作的难点和对策[J]，铜仁地委党校学报,2005,(3).
[7]龚志兴.加强党在农村执政能力建设的途径和方法[J]，党建,2005,(10).
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[3]程名望,等.国际贸易中环境成本内在化的经济学分析[J],中国地质大学学报,2005,(3).
[4]沈亚芳,应瑞瑶.对外贸易、环境污染与政策调整[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(1).
[5]马丽,等.外商投资对地区资源环境影响的机制分析[J],中国软科学,2003,(10).
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『柒』 求论文 国际货运代理对中小型进出口企业发展的影响的中文和英文参考文献

拟一下，不难。